Ruling the Countryside | Chapter 3 | History | Class 8th | Questions and Answers |

 

JANDKNCERT | Free NCERT Solutions | Class 8th | History |

Ruling the Countryside | Chapter 3 | History | Class 8th | Questions and Answers |

 

Chapter 3: Ruling the Countryside

(Solutions by Teacher Rimpy Sharma)

Let’s Recall

 

Q1. Match the following:

 

Ryot	Village
Mahal	Peasant
Nij	Cultivation on ryot’s land
Ryoti	Cultivation on planter’s own land

 

Answers:

 

Ryot	Peasant
Mahal	Village
Nij	Cultivation on planter’s own land
Ryoti	Cultivation on ryot’s land

 

Q2. Fill in the blanks:

a.     Growers of wood in Europe saw _______ as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.

b.     The demand for Indigo increased in late eighteenth century Britain because of _______.

c.      The international demand for Indigo was affected by the discovery of________.

d.     The Champaran movement was against _______.

 

Answers:

a.      Growers of wood in Europe saw indigo as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.

b.     The demand for Indigo increased in late eighteenth century Britain because of the expansion of cotton production.

c.      The international demand for Indigo was affected by the discovery of synthetic dyes.

d.     The Champaran movement was against indigo planters.

 

Let’s Discuss

 

Q3. Describe the main features of the permanent settlement?

Answer. The permanent settlement was a land revenue system introduced in 1973 by East India Company. Rajas and taluqdars were recognized as zamindars to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the company. The main features of the permanent settlement system are:-

(i) The amount paid by the zamindars to the company was fixed permanently.

(ii) The Rajas were made the zamindars

(iv) Zamindars lost their rights over the lands whenever they fail to make payments to the company.

(v) Exorbitant prices of land which zamindars had to pay to the company (which they failed).

 

Q4. How was the Mahalwari system different from the permanent settlement?

Answer. Difference between Mahalwari system and permanent settlement are given below:

 

Mahalwari system	Permanent settlement
Hold Mackenzie devised it, and it came into effect in 1822	Permanent settlement was brought by Lord Cornwallis in 1793
The epicenter of the system was a village	There was no such epicenter
Villages were called ‘ Mahal’	There was no particular name
The estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue that each village had to pay	The revenue was fixed that each zamindars had to pay to the company
The revenue was to be revised periodically	Revenue was fixed
The charge to collect the revenue was on the village headman	The charge to collect revenue was on the village zamindars.

 

Q5. Give two problems which arouse with the new Munro system of fixing Revenue?

Answer. The new Munro system of fixing revenue posed two problems:

(i) The revenue demand was fixed and too high for peasants to pay.

(ii) Peasants were unable to pay the rent which culminated into villages getting deserted.

 

Q6. Why were Ryots reluctant to grow Indigo?

Answer. The ryots were reluctant to grow indigo for the below given reasons:

(i) They were paid very low prices for it.

(ii) The ryots never saw any profit accruing from the indigo plantation.

(iii) Ryots were asked to grow indigo on the fertile part of their land by the planters, which they were apprehensive about.

 

Q7. What were the circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal?
Answer. The collapse of indigo production in Bengal was caused by the following circumstances:

(i) Ryots’ denied producing the indigo anymore.

(ii) Protests started taking place by the peasants supported by zamindars.

(iii) Following the protests, the indigo commission was constituted by the government which accepted the faults of the planters to stop the cultivation.

(iv) Planters eventually moved out of the city.

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