Industries | Chapter 5 | Geography 8th |

Chapter 5:  Industries

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Exercises

Q1. Answer the following questions.

(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

Ans. The term ‘industry’ refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods (e.g., iron and steel industry), extraction of minerals (e.g., coal mining industry) or provision of services (e.g., tourism industry).

(ii) What are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

Ans. Factors influencing the location of an industry:

(a) Availability of raw material

(b) Availability of land

(c) An adequate supply of water

(d) An adequate supply of labour

(e) Access to power

(f) Amount of capital

(g) Access to transport

(h) Presence of market

(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?

Ans. The iron and steel industry is a feeder industry whose products are used as raw materials in other industries. This is why it is referred to as the backbone of modern industry. Almost everything that we use is either made of iron or steel or has been made using tools and machinery made of these metals.

(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Ans. The cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai because of its locational advantages. The warm and moist climate (ideal for spinning and weaving), the nearness to a seaport (important for importing machinery), and the availability of raw material and skilled labour are some of the factors that resulted in the growth of this industry in Mumbai.

(v) What are the similarities between the information technology industry in Bangalore and California?

Ans. Similarities between the information technology industry in Bangalore and California:

(a) Presence of high-quality educational institutions, and advanced scientific and technological centres

(b) The pleasant climate and clean environment

(c) Presence of good quality, skilled workforce

(d) Access to markets

(e) Well-developed and well-connected.

Q2. Tick the correct answer:

(i). Silicon Valley is located in:

(a) Bangalore        (b) California        (c) Ahmadabad

Ans. (b) California

(ii). Which one of the following industries is known as the sunrise industry?

(a) Iron and steel industry     (b) Cotton textile

(c) Information technology

Ans. (c) Information technology

(iii). Which one of the following is a natural fibre?

(a) Nylon     (b) Jute                (c) Acrylic

Ans. (b) Jute

Q3. Distinguish between:

(i)  Agro-based industries and mineral-based industries.

Ans. Agro-based industries: Industries which use products based on plants and animals as their raw materials are called as ‘Agro-based industries’. For example, food processing, cotton textile, dairy products, leather industries etc.

Mineral based industries: These are the primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. The products of these industries are used by other industries. For example, iron and steel industry, copper industry etc.

(ii). Public sector and joint sector industry.

Ans. Public sector industries: These industries are owned and operated by the Govt., such as Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), HAL etc.

Joint sector industries: Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the Govt. as well as an individual or a group of individuals. Example - Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL).