Human Resource | Chapter 6 | Geography 8th |

Chapter 6:  Human Resource

Free Download | Geography | Class 8th | eBook |

Exercises

Q1.  Answer the following questions:

(i) Why people are considered a resource?

Ans. People are considered a resource because with their demands and capabilities they can create new resources. Nature’s bounty becomes important only when people find it and make it useful for them. Hence, human resource is also considered an important and potential resource for society.

(ii) What are the causes of the uneven distribution of population in the world?

Ans. The way in which people are distributed across the earth is known as the pattern of population distribution. Actually, more than 90% of the world’s population lives in about 10% of the land surface. Some areas are over-crowded and some are sparsely populated. Following are the various factors responsible for this extremely uneven distribution of population in the world:

a. Geographical factors – Favourable topography, availability of mineral and fresh water resources, favourable climate and soil fertility are some of the reasons affecting population distribution e.g., Indo Gangetic Plains, Diamond Mines of South Africa etc. are densely populated.

b. Social and Cultural factors – Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are more populated. Places of religious and cultural significance also attract people e.g., Varanasi, Jerusalem etc

c. Economic factors – Places having more industries, transportation and communication facilities provide better employment opportunities. People are attracted to these places because of the above reasons e.g., Mumbai, Osaka etc.

(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

Ans.  The world population has grown very rapidly particularly after the 1800s. The reasons are growth in food supplies, improvement in medical facilities, reduced death rate while the birth rate remained the same.

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(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.

Ans. The birth rate and the death rate are two factors that influence population change. The birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 people while the death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people. These are the natural causes of population change. When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, population increases. When the death rate is more than the birth rate, the population decreases. When the two rates are equal, the population remains constant. Thus, the birth and death rates affect the balance of the population.

(v) What is meant by population composition?

Ans. Population composition refers to the structure of the population of a particular region. The composition of a population helps us to know the number of males and females comprising the population, their age groups, educational and technological skills, occupations, income levels, health conditions, etc.

(vi). What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding the population of a country?

Ans. The population pyramid or the age-sex pyramid is a graphical illustration that is used for studying the population composition of a country. It shows the present number of males and females in a country along with their age groups. The age-group distribution of the population tells us the number of dependents and the number of economically active individuals present in the population.

Q2.  Tick the correct answer:

(i). Which term does the population distribution refer?

(a) How the population in a specified area changes over time?

(b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area.

(c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.

Ans. (c) The way in which people are spread across a given area.

(ii).  Which are three main factors that cause population change?

(a) Births, deaths and, marriage.

(b) Births, deaths, and migration.

(c) Births, deaths, and life expectancy.

Ans. (b) Births, deaths, and migration.

(iii). In 1999, the world population reached:

(a) 1 billion (b) 3 billion (c) 6 billion

Ans. (c) 6 billion

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(iv). What is the population pyramid:

(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

(b) When the population density of an area is so high that live in tall buildings.

(c) The pattern of population distribution in urban areas.

Ans. (a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.

Q3. Complete the sentences below using some of the following words.

[sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely]

When people are attracted to an area it becomes ....................... populated. Factors that influence this include ....................... climate; good supplies of ....................... resources and ....................... land.

Ans. When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated. Factors that influence this include favourable climate; good supplies of natural resources and fertile land.